Wednesday, March 19, 2008

NIELSEN TOP 100 PROGRAM - ALL CHANNELS DI TV INDONESIA

mediacare@yahoogroups.com

Budi Dharma <budiprestasi@ yahoo.co. id> wrote:
Ada yang punya daftar pemenang KPI Awards yang diselenggarakan kemarin ? Mari kita bandingkan dengan data tangga program versi Nielsen berikut ini. Asyik juga tuch seandainya dari LSM pers & media membuat list program2 tv terburuk… J
Fwd…….
 
 
Ariana AGB Nielsen Indonesia                                    
Report Title     :    TOP 100  PROGRAM - ALL CHANNELS                                
Date:   09/03/2008 - 15/03/2008 (WEEK 0811)                                
Market :   10 CITIES (JKT, SBY, BDG, MDN, SMG, MKS, YGK, PLB, DPS, BJM)                                 
                                                                     
No.   Program Name (SRpt)              Channel   Day of week   Date                                       
1   CINTA BUNGA   SCTV   Sunday   09/03/2008  
2   AZIZAH   SCTV   Sunday   09/03/2008  
3   SUPERSTAR SHOW   IVM   Wednesday  
4   CAHAYA   RCTI   Sunday   09/03/2008  
5   SUCI   SCTV   Sunday   09/03/2008  
6   CINTA FITRI SEASON 2   SCTV   Sunday   09/03/2008  
7   NAMAKU MENTARI   RCTI   Sunday   09/03/2008  
8   DUEL SHOW   IVM   Sunday   09/03/2008  
9   DANGDUT MANIA 2   TPI   Monday   10/03/2008  
10   JELITA   RCTI   Sunday   09/03/2008  
11   7Y SOFIA   IVM   Saturday   15/03/2008  
12   9O JURASSIC PARK III   TRANS   Thursday   13/03/2008  
13   ZONA MUSIK EXTREME LOG   RCTI   Sunday   09/03/2008  
14   MAMA MIA 2008   IVM   Monday   10/03/2008  
15   EXTRAVAGANZA   TRANS   Monday   10/03/2008  
16   9S CELLULAR   TRANS   Saturday   15/03/2008  
17   4F 3 JANDA GAMBRENG   TPI   Saturday   15/03/2008  
18   9S THE MUMMY RETURNS   TRANS   Friday   14/03/2008  
19   9O JURASSIC PARK   TRANS   Tuesday   11/03/2008  
20   9S THE SCORPION KING   TRANS   Wednesday   12/03/2008  
21   INDOMIE JINGLE DARE GRAND FINA   IVM   Sunday   09/03/2008  
22   JAIL!   TRANS   Friday   14/03/2008  
23   AKHIRNYA DATANG JUGA   TRANS   Sunday   09/03/2008  
24   RONALDOWATI   TPI   Monday   10/03/2008  
25   HINGGA AKHIR WAKTU   RCTI   Sunday   09/03/2008
26   6Q CINTA MONYET BERSEMI KEMBAL   SCTV   Sunday   09/03/2008
27   IDOLA SELEB   RCTI   Sunday   09/03/2008  
28   SSSTTT...USIL BANGET DEH !   TRANS   Saturday   15/03/2008  
29   9O THE LOST WORLD JURASSIC PAR   TRANS   Wednesday   12/03/2008  
30   JIKA AKU MENJADI   TRANS   Sunday   09/03/2008  
31   HASIL IDOLA SELEB   RCTI   Sunday   09/03/2008  
32   DORAEMON   RCTI   Sunday   09/03/2008  
33   EMAK GUE JAGOAN 2   TPI   Thursday   13/03/2008  
34   SI ENTONG 2   TPI   Saturday   15/03/2008  
35   CRAYON SHINCHAN   RCTI   Sunday   09/03/2008
36   4D BIJI NANGKA EMAS   TPI   Friday   14/03/2008  
37   LIPUTAN 6 PETANG   SCTV   Sunday   09/03/2008  
38   SKETSA   TRANS   Friday   14/03/2008  
39   9S SCREAMERS   TRANS   Thursday   13/03/2008  
40   CINTA FITRI(R)   SCTV   Monday   10/03/2008
41   SEMARAK PUNCAK KEMENANGAN TELK   RCTI   Friday   14/03/2008  
42   SEPUTAR INDONESIA   RCTI   Sunday   09/03/2008  
43   7P ANNETTE & LIMA MERPATI   IVM   Thursday   13/03/2008  
44   REPORTASE   TRANS   Sunday   09/03/2008  
45   9S MERCURY RISING   TRANS   Monday   10/03/2008 
46   7A PUTRI TIDUR & RATU PENYIHIR   IVM   Saturday   15/03/2008  
47   9S ENTER THE DRAGON   TRANS   Tuesday   11/03/2008  
48   9S BAD BOYS II   TRANS   Sunday   09/03/2008  
49   SUAMI-SUAMI TAKUT ISTRI   TRANS   Monday   10/03/2008 
50   PENTAS IDOLA CILIK   RCTI   Monday   10/03/2008  
51   OB (OFFICE BOY)   RCTI   Monday   10/03/2008  
52   MR BEAN   TRANS   Saturday   15/03/2008 
53   HIP,HIP,HURA!   SCTV   Sunday   09/03/2008 
54   7Z ASAL MULA BUNGA BANGKAI   IVM   Saturday   15/03/2008  
55   BISNIS ANDA   TRANS   Saturday   15/03/2008  
56   PRIME TIME!(C10)   TRANS   Sunday   09/03/2008  
57   6N CERMIN MIMIN   SCTV   Saturday   15/03/2008  
58   7A PERKAWINAN SEDARAH   IVM   Thursday   13/03/2008  
59   BIARKAN AKU HIDUP MAMA   TPI   Thursday   13/03/2008  
60   PENTAS TINJU DUNIA(L)   TRANS   Sunday   09/03/2008 
61   7B ANDE ANDE LUMUT   IVM   Friday   14/03/2008  
62   THE COFFEE BEAN SHOW   TRANS   Sunday   09/03/2008  
63   TRUK CINTA   SCTV   Sunday   09/03/2008  
64   DOO BEE DOO   RCTI   Monday   10/03/2008 
65   INBOX   SCTV   Monday   10/03/2008  
66   9S BACK TO THE FUTURE III   TRANS   Saturday   15/03/2008 
67   6Y KALAU DESY KESANDUNG CINTA   SCTV   Tuesday   11/03/2008  
68   7P SHELLA   IVM   Tuesday   11/03/2008 
69   7P SURGA KASIH IBU   IVM   Wednesday   12/03/2008  
70   NARUTO   IVM   Sunday   09/03/2008  
71   CERMIN MIMIN   SCTV   Monday   10/03/2008  
72   7P ANJANI   IVM   Friday   14/03/2008  
73   TOM AND JERRY   RCTI   Sunday   09/03/2008
74   PLAYBOY KABEL   SCTV   Saturday   15/03/2008 
75   6Y MENDADAK SELEB   SCTV   Monday   10/03/2008
76   7P CINTA PERTAMA PURBARARANG   IVM   Monday   10/03/2008  
77   CEK & RICEK   RCTI   Tuesday   11/03/2008  
78   GEBYAR BCA   IVM   Saturday   15/03/2008  
79   HALO SELEBRITI   SCTV   Monday   10/03/2008 
80   KABAR KABARI   RCTI   Sunday   09/03/2008   15:33:20  
81   KEMBALILAH ANAKKU   TPI   Sunday   09/03/2008 
82   7B GODAAN CINTA PERTAMA   IVM   Tuesday   11/03/2008 
83   LIPUTAN 6 TERKINI   SCTV   Monday   10/03/2008 
84   SILET   RCTI   Sunday   09/03/2008   09:59:49  
85   BEHIND THE SONG   TRANS   Friday   14/03/2008  
86   7B KORBAN FITNAH   IVM   Thursday   13/03/2008  
87   7B TURUN RANJANG   IVM   Wednesday   12/03/2008
88   CINTA LAMA BERSEMI KEMBALI   SCTV   Sunday   09/03/2008  
89   ASYIKNYA DEWA DEWI   TPI   Saturday   15/03/2008
90   AKIBAT PERGAULAN BEBAS 4   SCTV   Wednesday   12/03/2008
91   PILIH DUA BINTANG   IVM   Sunday   09/03/2008  
92   PEMBANTU MILYARDER   IVM   Saturday   15/03/2008
93   PACAR PERTAMA   SCTV   Monday   10/03/2008 
94   HOT SHOT   SCTV   Sunday   09/03/2008 
95   7A PUTRI CANTIK&SI TANDUK PANJ   IVM   Friday   14/03/2008
96   HOLE IN THE WALL   RCTI   Monday   10/03/2008  
97   COUNTING SHOW   IVM   Sunday   09/03/2008  
98   7B KEN AROK & KEN DEDES   IVM   Saturday   15/03/2008  
99   DORCE SHOW(E11)   TRANS   Sunday   09/03/2008  
100   CLAS KARNAVAL SCTV PRESENT:RAH   SCTV   Saturday   15/03/2008  


--
Tribun Timur,
Surat Kabar Terbesar di Makassar
www.tribun-timur.com
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AJI Jakarta Usulkan Upah Layak Minimum Jurnalis Rp 4,1 Juta

AJI Jakarta Usulkan Upah Layak Minimum Jurnalis Rp 4,1 Juta
Rabu, 19 Mar 2008 | 00:49 WIB
TEMPO Interaktif, Jakarta:Aliansi Jurnalis Independen (AJI) Jakarta mengusulkan upah layak minimum jurnalis di Ibu Kota Rp 4,1 juta. "Standar ini berlaku bagi jurnalis muda yang baru diangkat jadi karyawan tetap," kata Koordinator Divisi Serikat Pekerja AJI Jakarta, Winurantho Adhi, tadi malam.

AJI Jakarta merumuskan upah minimum setelah melakukan survey harga barang dan kebutuhan minimal seorang jurnalis lajang di Ibu Kota pada 2008.

AJI Jakarta merinci kebutuhan jurnalis dalam empat komponen: kebutuhan makanan dan minuman sekitar Rp 1,4 juta; perumahan dan fasilitas Rp 500 ribu; sandang Rp 234,1 ribu; dan kebutuhan lain--termasuk alat penunjang kerja jurnalis—Rp 1,5 juta.

Tahun ini, AJI Jakarta juga melakukan survey atas gaji jurnalis media cetak, elektronik, dan media online di Ibu Kota. Ternyata, baru dua media yang memenuhi standar upah layak yang diusulkan AJI.

Menurut Winurantho, memang masih banyak media yang dari sisi bisnis tidak sehat. Bagi perusahaan yang termasuk kategori ini, AJI menuntut transparansi keuangan, mengalihkan hasil penghematan untuk memperbesar dana kesejahteraan jurnalis, dan mempersempit kesenjangan gaji terendah dan gaji tertinggi. "Agar tidak terjadi kesenjangan luar biasa," ujar Winurantho.

Cheta Nilawaty


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Gaji Wartawan Bisnis Indonesia dan Kompas

Gaji wartawan yang masih memprihatinkan.


To:warga@yahoogroups.com, "mediacare" <mediacare@yahoogroups.com>, "media jabar" <media-jabar@yahoogroups.com>, fdwb@yahoogroups.com, "media jakarta" <media-jakarta@yahoogroups.com>, bizzcomm@yahoogroups.com
From:"mediacare" <mediacare@cbn.net.id>  Add Mobile Alert
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2008 05:21:15 +0700
Subject: [mediacare] Gaji wartawan Bisnis Indonesia dan Kompas tertinggi se Jakarta

Upah Jurnalis di Atas Standar, AJI Puji Bisnis Indonesia & Kompas
Arfi Bambani Amri - detikcom
 
 
Jakarta - Dari survei standar pengupahan di terhadap 30 perusahaan media, hanya dua media yang mengupah melewati standar upah minimum yang dilansir AJI Jakarta. 2 Perusahaan itu adalah Bisnis Indonesia dan Kompas.

"Hanya 2 perusahaan yang melampaui, Bisnis Indonesia dan Kompas," beber Koordinator Divisi Serikat Pekerja AJI Jakarta, Winuranto Adhi saat launching di kantor AJI Jakarta, Kompleks Bier, Jl Soepomo, Jakarta Selatan, Selasa (18/3/2008).

Bisnis Indonesia mengupah karyawan yang baru diangkat tetapnya sebesar Rp 4,5 juta. Pada urutan kedua, Kompas dengan upah mencapai Rp 4,125 juta.

Hampir semua stasiun tv swasta mengupah jurnalis dengan buruk, tidak ada yang melampaui Rp 3 juta. Begitu juga dengan media online dan radio, tak ada yang mencapai Rp 4 juta.

"Transtv baru saja menaikkan gaji karyawannya menjadi Rp 2,5 juta. Hal ini terjadi setelah 150 karyawannya keluar karena gaji yang minim. Sebelumnya hanya bergaji Rp 1.750.000," ungkap Winuranto yang biasa dipanggil Wiwin.

Namun Wiwin buru-buru menambahkan, survei ini tidak bisa dijadikan standar pengupahan yang sebenarnya. "Survei ini tidak bisa menjadi standar baku dalam pengupahan sebuah perusahaan karena ada perusahaan yang jurnalisnya diupah berbeda-beda, " jelas Wiwin.

"Media lain seperti Gatra, sudah beberapa tahun tidak merekrut karyawan baru, sehingga patokan survei ini sudah basi," pungkasnya.

Wiwin menjelaskan, pengupahan minimum ini adalah take home pay yang diperoleh seorang jurnalis untuk keperluan pribadinya. Masalah pajak, asuransi, kesehatan dan transportasi ke tempat liputan ditanggung perusahaan.

"Apakah itu mekanismenya reimburse, tunjangan, dan sebagainya," pungkas pria berambut sebahu itu.
 
( aba / ndr )
 
 
mediacare
http://www.mediacar e.biz
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Saturday, March 15, 2008

Digital TV dari Wikipedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_television


Digital television

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Digital television (DTV) refers to the sending and receiving of moving images and sound by means of discrete (digital) signals, in contrast to the analog signals used by analog TV. Introduced in the late 1990s, this technology appealed to the television broadcasting business and consumer electronics industries as offering new financial opportunities.

Digital television is more flexible and efficient than analog television. When properly used by broadcasters, digital television allows higher-quality images and sound and more programming choices than analog does. However, although DTV allows for superior technical quality, a digital signal does not necessarily carry a higher-quality image or sound than an analog signal.

Contents

[hide]

[edit] Technical information

[edit] Formats and bandwidth

In current practice, high-definition television (HDTV), which is usually used over DTV, uses one of two formats: 1280 × 720 pixels in progressive scan mode (abbreviated 720p) or 1920 × 1080 pixels in interlace mode (1080i). Each of these utilizes a 16:9 aspect ratio. (Some televisions are capable of receiving an HD resolution of 1920 × 1080 at a 60 Hz progressive scan frame rate — known as 1080p60 — but this format is not standard and no broadcaster is able to transmit these signals over the air at acceptable quality yet.)

Standard definition TV, by comparison, may use one of several different formats taking the form of various aspect ratios, depending on the technology used in the country of broadcast. For 4:3 aspect-ratio broadcasts, the 640 × 480 format is used in NTSC countries, while 720 × 576 (rescaled to 768 × 576) is used in PAL countries. For 16:9 broadcasts, the 704 × 480 (rescaled to 848 × 480) format is used in NTSC countries, while 720 × 576 (rescaled to 1024 × 576) is used in PAL countries. However, broadcasters may choose to reduce these resolutions to save bandwidth (e.g., many DVB-T channels in the United Kingdom use a horizontal resolution of 544 or 704 pixels per line).[1][2] The perceived quality of such programming is surprisingly acceptable because of interlacing—the effective vertical resolution is halved to 288 lines.

Each DTV channel is permitted to be broadcast at a data rate up to 19 megabits per second, or 2.375 megabytes per second. However, the broadcaster does not need to use this entire bandwidth for just one broadcast channel. Instead the broadcast can be subdivided across several video subchannels of varying quality and compression rates, including non-video datacasting services that allow one-way high-bandwidth streaming of data to computers.

A broadcaster may opt to use a standard-definition digital signal instead of an HDTV signal, because current convention allows the bandwidth of a DTV channel (or "multiplex") to be subdivided into multiple subchannels, providing multiple feeds of entirely different programming on the same channel. This ability to provide either a single HDTV feed or multiple lower-resolution feeds is often referred to as distributing one's "bit budget" or multicasting. This can sometimes be arranged automatically, using a statistical multiplexer (or "stat-mux"). With some implementations, image resolution may be less directly limited by bandwidth; for example in DVB-T, broadcasters can choose from several different modulation schemes, giving them the option to reduce the transmission bitrate and make reception easier for more distant or mobile viewers.

[edit] Reception

There are a number of different ways to receive digital television. One of the oldest means of receiving DTV (and TV in general) is using an antenna (known as an aerial in some countries). This way is known as Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT). With DTT, viewers are limited to whatever channels the antenna picks up. Signal quality will also vary.

Other ways have been devised to receive digital television. Among the most familiar to people are digital cable and digital satellite. In some countries where transmissions of TV signals are normally achieved by microwaves, digital MMDS is used. Other standards, such as DMB and DVB-H, have been devised to allow handheld devices such as mobile phones to receive TV signals. Another way is IPTV, that is receiving TV via Internet Protocol with guaranteed quality of service (QoS). Finally, an alternative way is to receive TV signals via the open Internet infra-structure, usually referred to as Internet TV.

Today, regardless of how viewers receive DTV, most will pick up digital television via a set-top box, which decodes the digital signals into signals that analog televisions can understand — thus using the television purely as a monitor. However, a growing number of TV sets with integrated receivers are available — these are known as iDTVs.

Some signals carry encryption and specify use conditions (such as "may not be recorded" or "may not be viewed on displays larger than 1 m in diagonal measure") backed up with the force of law under the WIPO Copyright Treaty and national legislation implementing it, such as the U.S. Digital Millennium Copyright Act. Access to encrypted channels can be controlled by a removable smart card, for example via the Common Interface (DVB-CI) standard for Europe and via Point Of Deployment (POD) for IS or named differently CableCard.

[edit] Protection parameters for terrestrial DTV broadcasting

[clarify]

System Parameters
(protection ratios)		 Canada [13] USA [5] EBU [9, 12]
ITU-mode M3		 Japan & Brazil [36, 37][3]
C/N for AWGN Channel +19.5 dB
(16.5 dB[4])		 +15.19 dB +19.3 dB +19.2 dB
Co-Channel DTV into Analog TV +33.8 dB +34.44 dB +34 ~ 37 dB +38 dB
Co-Channel Analog TV into DTV +7.2 dB +1.81 dB +4 dB +4 dB
Co-Channel DTV into DTV +19.5 dB
(16.5 dB[4])		 +15.27 dB +19 dB +19 dB
Lower Adjacent Channel DTV into Analog TV −16 dB −17.43 dB −5 ~ −11 dB[5] −6 dB
Upper Adjacent Channel DTV into Analog TV −12 dB −11.95 dB −1 ~ −10[5] −5 dB
Lower Adjacent Channel Analog TV into DTV −48 dB −47.33 dB −34 ~ −37 dB[5] −35 dB
Upper Adjacent Channel Analog TV into DTV −49 dB −48.71 dB −38 ~ −36 dB[5] −37 dB
Lower Adjacent Channel DTV into DTV −27 dB −28 dB −30 dB −28 dB
Upper Adjacent Channel DTV into DTV −27 dB −26 dB −30 dB −29 dB
  1. ^ Latest snapshots - Freeview/DTT bitrates (Mendip transmitter, UK)
  2. ^ http://www.aums30.dsl.pipex.com/home.htm
  3. ^ ISDB-T (6 MHz, 64QAM, R=2/3), Analog TV (M/NTSC).
  4. ^ a b The Canadian parameter, C/(N+I) of noise plus co-channel DTV interface should be 16.5 dB.
  5. ^ a b c d Depending on analog TV systems used.

[edit] Interaction

Interaction happens between the TV watcher and the DTV system. It can be understood in different ways, depending on which part of the DTV system is concerned. It can be an interaction with the STB only (to tune to another TV channel or to browse the EPG).

Modern DTV systems are able to provide interaction between the end-user and the broadcaster through the use of a return path. With the exceptions of coaxial and fiber optic cable, which can be bidirectional, a dialup modem, Internet connection, or other method is typically used for the return path with unidirectional networks such as satellite or antenna broadcast.

In addition to not needing a separate return path, cable also has the advantage of a communication channel localized to a neighborhood rather than a city (terrestrial) or an even larger area (satellite). This provides enough customizable bandwidth to allow true video on demand.

[edit] Advantages to conversion

DTV has several advantages over analog TV, the most significant being that digital channels take up less bandwidth (and the bandwidth needs are continuously variable, at a corresponding cost in image quality depending on the level of compression). This means that digital broadcasters can provide more digital channels in the same space, provide high-definition television service, or provide other non-television services such as multimedia or interactivity. DTV also permits special services such as multiplexing (more than one program on the same channel), electronic program guides and additional languages, spoken or subtitled. The sale of non-television services may provide an additional revenue source. In many cases, viewers perceive DTV to have superior picture quality, improved audio quality, and easier reception than analog.

[edit] Disadvantages to conversion

[edit] Impact on existing analog technology

The analog switch-off ruling, which so far has met with little opposition from consumers or manufacturers, would render all non-digital televisions obsolete on the switch-off date, unless connected to an external off-the-air tuner, analog or digital cable, or a satellite system. An external converter box (an ATSC tuner) can be added to non-digital televisions to lengthen their useful lifespan. Several of these devices have already been shown, and while few are currently available, they are becoming more available by the day.

Some existing analog equipment will be less functional with the use of a converter box. For example, television remote controls will no longer be effective at changing channels, because that function will instead be handled by the converter box. Similarly, video recorders for analog signals (including both tape-based VCRs and hard-drive-based DVRs) will not be able to select channels, limiting their ability to automatically record programs via a timer or based on downloaded program information. Also, older, handheld televisions, which rely primarily on over-the-air signals, and battery operation, will be rendered impractical, since the proposed converter boxes are not portable, nor powered with batteries. Portable radios which feature the ability to listen to television audio on VHF channels 2-13 would also lose their ability to function, while television stations which formerly broadcast on Channel 6 and were able to have their analog audio heard on common radios using a quirk in the system where their audio could be heard on the far end of the FM band at 87.7, would lose the ability for commuters to listen to their broadcasts.

If new TVs contain only an ATSC tuner, it prevents older devices, such as VCRs and video game consoles with only an analog RF output, from connecting to the TV. Connection would require an analog to digital converter box, which is the opposite as what is currently being sold. Such a box would also likely introduce additional delay into the video signal.

[edit] Compression artifacts and allocated bandwidth

DTV picture technology is still in its early stages. DTV images have some picture defects that are not present on analog television or motion picture cinema, because of present-day limitations of bandwidth and compression algorithms such as MPEG-2.

When a compressed digital image is compared with the original program source, some hard-to-compress image sequences may have digital distortion or degradation. For example:

  • quantization noise,
  • incorrect color,
  • blockiness,
  • a blurred, shimmering haze.

Broadcasters attempt to balance their needs to show high quality pictures and to generate revenue by using a fixed bandwidth allocation for more services.

[edit] Buffering and preload delay

Unlike analog televisions, digital televisions have a significant delay when changing channels, making "channel surfing" difficult.

Different devices need different amounts of preload time to begin showing the broadcast stream, resulting in an undesirable and annoying audio echo effect when two televisions in adjacent rooms of a house are tuned to the same channel.

[edit] Effects of poor reception

Changes in signal reception from factors such as degrading antenna connections or worsening weather conditions may gradually reduce the quality of analog TV. However, the nature of digital TV results in a rapid failure of the ability of the receiving equipment to generate a watchable picture. This effect is known as the digital cliff or cliff effect.

For rural locations, distant analog channels that were previously acceptable in a snowy and degraded state will now be unavailable.

[edit] Hype vs reality of picture quality

Making the switch from analog to digital will provide television viewers with the potential for a movie-quality picture, and better HD for those who own an HDTV, but initially most broadcasters simply transmit a low-quality non-widescreen 480i digital version of their old existing analog services.

[edit] Limitations of digital television

The greatest DTV detail level currently available is 1080i, which is a 1920x1080 interlaced widescreen format. Interlacing is done to reduce the image bandwidth to one-half of full-frame quality, which gives better frame update speed for quick-changing scenes such as sports, but at the same time reduces the overall image quality and introduces image flickering and crawling scanlines because of the alternating field refresh.

Full-frame progressive-scan 1920x1080 (1080p) requires up to twice the data bandwidth currently available in the DTV channel specification. 1080p may become an option in the future, as image compression algorithms improve, allowing more detail to be sent via the same channel bandwidth allocations to be used now.

The limitations of interlacing can be partially overcome through the use of advanced image processors in the consumer display device, such as the use of Faroudja DCDi and using internal framebuffers to eliminate scanline crawling.



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TV Digital dari Sisi Broadcaster

http://broadcastengineering.com/mag/broadcasting_real_digital_tv/

The real digital TV transition begins

Jan 1, 2006 12:00 PM, BY CRAIG BIRKMAIER

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Is this what viewers will see on Feb. 18, 2009, with their old NTSC receivers?

If you are a broadcaster who has spent millions upgrading your transmission facility for DTV broadcasts, a DBS service spending billions to launch new satellites to support the expanded availability of local HDTV broadcasts, or a cable multi-system operator attempting to migrate your subscribers to digital tiers and cable modems, you might believe that the television industry is approaching the completion of a long migration path to its digital future.

Despite billions in investment in new digital technologies by the distributors of television content, a new reality began to emerge as 2005 drew to a close. The future of digital television has little to do with the digitized version of television to which viewers became addicted during the past half-century. It would be more accurate to assert that the era of analog television may finally be drawing to a close, paving the way for the real digital transition to begin.

In 2005, we began to see some signs that huge media conglomerates are ready to let go of the past and move into new forms of digital content distribution, even if it means established institutions, including local television broadcasters, may become irrelevant. Consumers around the world are now addicted to their daily media fix. The real digital transition is now beginning; the ability to consume any media, anywhere, at any time is the emerging digital television reality. What remains to be determined, however, is whether consumers will support the approaching digital tsunami at any price.

A new DTV deadline?

Dec. 31, 2006, was to be an important date in the history of free-to-air television broadcasts in the United States. On April 3, 1997, the FCC adopted the Fifth Report and Order in its proceedings on a DTV broadcast service (which began in 1987). The new service, authorized by Congress as part of an extensive overhaul of telecommunications law with the 1996 Telecommunications Act, was intended to allow OTA broadcasters to remain competitive as the television industry moved to digital technologies that would allow the delivery of higher-quality TV images and sound and/or more programs in a given amount of bandwidth.

As part of the Fifth Report and Order on DTV, the FCC established a timetable for existing broadcasters to build out their DTV facilities and a period of NTSC and DTV simulcasts to allow consumers to migrate to new digital receivers. At the end of the simulcast period, the NTSC channels would be recovered, with portions of the recovered spectrum to be used for emergency communications services and the rest to be auctioned for new applications. The FCC timetable set Dec. 31, 2006, as the final day for NTSC broadcasts.

By 1997, broadcasters were beginning to accept the reality that they would be required to begin the transition to digital broadcasts. The timetable, requiring the return of their analog channels, was an unexpected outcome of the DTV process — an unacceptable outcome.

Within six months, broadcasters used their considerable influence over Congress to render the FCC order meaningless. An amendment to the 1997 Budget Act established a series of market-based tests that had to be met before broadcasters in a market would be required to return their analog channels. The amendment requires that 85 percent of the homes in a market must have the ability to receive all local DTV broadcasts before the analog channels would have to be returned. Today, less than a year before the FCC deadline would have taken effect, the percentage of homes that meets these market tests remains less than 10 percent.

Congress is once again threatening to impose a hard deadline for the DTV transition. As 2005 drew to a close, both the House and Senate passed bills that called for the end of NTSC broadcasts in 2009. The bills were attached to a budget reconciliation package that nearly passed, as Congress rushed to complete work before recessing for the holidays. A conference version of the bills cleared the House, but the Senate made a few changes that require House approval; the House is expected to approve these changes this month.

The legislation sets a new deadline for the end of NTSC broadcasts: February 18, 2009. A portion of the spectrum that is to be vacated — channels 52 to 69 — will be reallocated for emergency communications services. The remainder will be auctioned for new services beginning January 28, 2008.

The bill creates a $1.5 billion fund to help consumers pay for D/A converters to extend the life of their analog NTSC receivers. Coupons worth $40 toward the purchase of these converters will be issued by the government beginning in January of 2008; each household will be able to request two coupons. It does not appear that the coupons can be used to purchase integrated digital TV receivers or the more sophisticated HD-capable set-top boxes needed for HDTV-capable monitors.

Eliminated from the House version was an energy pre-emption provision intended to override state laws that impose strict energy consumption guidelines on set-top receivers for DTV broadcasts. Regulations in New York and California limit the power a DTV receiver can consume to 8W while operating and 1W in standby. It should be noted that these states do not impose the same limits on set-top boxes for cable and DBS multichannel services.

Because of the need to support HDTV formats and complex equalizers in the ATSC receiver, existing DTV receiver designs require considerably more than 8W operating power. It is unclear whether set-top receivers that meet these power limits can be manufactured. Meanwhile, more than 30 states are considering similar power limits on DTV receivers.

Also eliminated from the legislation was a provision giving the cable industry the right to downconvert a broadcaster's DTV signal for presentation on the analog tier of a cable system. This was removed because of Congressional rules limiting the scope of legislation that can be attached to a budget bill. It is expected that a separate bill related to the broadcast DTV transition will be required during the 2006 legislative session.

Because the new DTV deadline was created as part of the annual budget reconciliation process, it is unclear whether this deadline is any more meaningful than those that have come and gone since 1997. The budget reconciliation process is an exercise that Congress must go through each year in an attempt to identify sources of revenue and spending levels for the next five years. Any deadline legislated this year can be rendered meaningless in subsequent years — as was the case with the 2006 FCC deadline and several Congressional deadlines for auctioning blocks of spectrum currently occupied by TV broadcasters.

This could be a critical year for TV broadcasters. As always, it is difficult to predict what will happen in Congress, especially during an election year when members of the House and a third of the Senate will be focused on raising hundreds of millions of dollars to fund their re-election campaigns.

Eliminating the middleman

One thing is becoming clear: Broadcasters can no longer rely upon political gerrymandering to protect their lucrative franchise. The transition to new forms of digital distribution is accelerating, but local TV broadcasters remain focused on protecting a business model that is becoming increasingly irrelevant.

The deadline for broadcasters to focus their considerable resources on the development of DTV as a viable replacement for the NTSC service has already passed. More than half of the homes in the United States now subscribe to a digital multichannel TV service. The telcos are deploying IPTV services to compete with cable and DBS. And with improved broadband connections, the Internet is becoming a viable channel for the distribution of video programming direct to consumers, without the commercials that are the life-blood of TV broadcasting.

À la carte or all you can eat

Perhaps the most important lesson learned during the first decade of the DTV transition is that the disruptive nature of digital technologies is helping consumers to take control of their media experiences. Digital technologies are making it possible to provide greater programming choices, while simultaneously empowering consumers to find content of interest and to consume it when they want, where they want.

Time and place shifting are no longer sci-fi visions supported by computer-generated special effects. The terms DVR, PVR and TiVo are now part of the language. They define a new way for consumers to acquire and control the TV programming they view, just as Apple's iTunes and iPod have redefined the ways in which consumers can manage and use their personal music collections. But this just scratches the surface of the changes that are taking place with digital distribution.

The New Oxford American Dictionary declared the term podcast as the word of the year. The term is defined as "a digital recording of a radio broadcast or similar program, made available on the Internet for downloading to a personal audio player." The word is derived from a combination of iPod and broadcasting. It will be added to the online version of the dictionary during the next update in early 2006.

Unfortunately, the definition above is already outdated. Video podcasting burst onto the scene at the end of 2005, and it represents far more than a new way for the media conglomerates to distribute their high-value content. Now anyone can distribute video content with little more than a camera, computer and a broadband connection.

As reported in November 2005, Apple's newest iPod plays video, and the iTunes music store is now selling music videos and episodes of top-rated TV shows from ABC, NBC, The Sci-Fi Channel and USA Network. TiVo has announced the ability to transfer programs recorded on its PVRs to the video iPod and Sony PSP. And Apple may up the ante again this month with a Mac Mini featuring an Intel processor, PVR functions and possibly a service to stream movies to this in-home media center.

The Internet is threatening the way television programs are packaged and sold. This threat is causing the media conglomerates and their distribution partners to rethink the entire model for content distribution.

For decades, broadcast and multichannel TV services have offered content on an all you can eat basis. Broadcast TV stations aggregate content that is paid for with advertising; consume all that you like.

Cable expanded the menu, providing the means to collect subscriber and license fees in addition to advertising revenues. Today, about a third of the monthly cost of expanded basic cable is paid to the media conglomerates filling that tier with programming. The DBS services are riding the same bandwagon.

But pressure is building to provide an alternative to tiering, which forces most consumers to pay for channels they do not want. Under the guise of imposing decency standards on non-broadcast networks, the FCC and consumer groups have gained a concession from the cable industry.

Testifying at a Senate Commerce Committee hearing on Dec. 12, 2005, the National Cable and Telecommunications Association President Kyle McSlarrow outlined preliminary plans for a number of cable operators to voluntarily start selling family-friendly tiers. Shortly thereafter, Time Warner and Comcast announced new family tiers, but cable critics quickly characterized them as being inadequate, increasing their calls for the ability to choose cable channels on an à la carte basis.

Content protection

While consumers are beginning to enjoy the benefits of time and place shifting, the media conglomerates view the transition to digital technologies as an opportunity to impose tighter restrictions on when and where their content can be consumed. Last year, a U.S. District Court of Appeals threw out the broadcast flag regulations ordered by the FCC to control redistribution of TV content.

The courts said that the FCC does not have legislative authority to impose such regulations on downstream devices. Congress plans a number of hearings in 2006 to deal with content management and copyright issues.

So the stage is set for an interesting year in Washington. TV broadcasters would be well served to ignore the politics and focus their resources on the development of a viable business model for the emerging digital world.

Fortunately, whatever happens in Washington, broadcasters will benefit in the short term, as they receive the lion's share of the money that the politicians raise to fund the 2006 elections.

Craig Birkmaier is a technology consultant at Pcube Labs, and he hosts and moderates the OpenDTV forum.

Send questions and comments to: craig.birkmaier@penton.com


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Tribun Timur,
Surat Kabar Terbesar di Makassar
www.tribun-timur.com
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Digital TV: Apa yang Harus Dilakukan Konsumen

Berisi penjelasan tentang digital TV, dampaknya, keunggulannya, dan apa yang harus dilakukan konsumen. Kasusnya di AS tapi relevan juga untuk kita yang akan menyongsong era digital TV mulai 2015.


http://www.hdtvinfoport.com/Digital-TV.html


**Important Consumer Information Update **
(HDTVInfoPort Report: February 10, 2006)

On Wednesday, February 8th, 2006 - President George Bush signed the "Deficit Reduction Act," which also included the "Digital Television Transition and Public Safety Act". This sets February 17th - 2009, as the "final-cut-off-date" for "OTA" (Over-The-Air) Analog TV Broadcasts."

And it means, finally some of the uncertainty that has contributed to public confusion concerning the Digital TV Transition has been removed.

"The Digital TV Transition" - moving the nation from traditional Analog TV to Digital TV - started with "one-small-step" taken ten-years ago, with the signing of the "Telecommunications Act of 1996". The first Digital TV Broadcast aired the same year, when WRAL, Raleigh-Durham, N.C. became the first Local TV Station to transmit Digital TV.

After a decade of debate and indecision, speculation and rumor, mis-information as well as dis-information - all of which generated mass confusion among consumers - it appears the end is in sight.

With the "end-date" of February 17th, 2009" fixed in law," U.S. TV Broadcasters are required to STOP transmission of OTA Analog Television Signals, and move to All-Digital-TV-Broadcasts.

So ends the TV Era - and "20th-Century (analog) TV". The new era of Digital TV - SDTV .. EDTV .. and HDTV begins.

What Does This Mean To You - The Consumer?

  1. If you have an Analog TV (and) receive OTA (Over-The-Air) Broadcasts of Analog TV Signals - as of Feb.17th, 2009 - You will NO Longer be able to view Local Analog TV Broadcasts.

    1. Local-OTA Analog TV will NO LONGER be broadcast. All Local-OTA Stations will now broadcast Digital TV Signals - ONLY.

    2. To view Digital TV Signals requires a Digital Television - Capable of Receiving and Displaying Digital TV - "SDTV" (Standard Definition (Digital) TV).

      ♦   Important: Does NOT require an HDTV (High Definition TV) set

  2. However - Consumers (affected as in #1 above) who choose to continue using Analog TV sets after Feb. 17th, 2009, will be able to do so - BUT ONLY if they have an external, "D/A- Converter" - (DIGITAL TO ANALOG TV Signal CONVERTER) installed.

    1. A D/A Converter will be similar in appearance to a Cable or Satellite "STB" (set-top-box). These are expected to be readily available within a "nominal" price range - early estimates are from about $40.00 to $65.00.

    ♦   NOTE: Depending on demand volume for converters,the price range may be more or less.

    1. The bill signed into law by President Bush, also includes up to $1.5 billion in funding, (by U.S. Taxpayers) to provide - up to two (2) $40 Vouchers (per household) for consumers who choose to buy Digital-to-Analog Converter boxes.

  3. Important Exclusion: Cable TV Subscribers are NOT directly impacted by this new law.

    1. Since Cable TV Signals are not transmitted OTA, this law does NOT apply to Cable Analog TV programs as currently written.

    2. At the present time, Cable Companies generally provide their Subscribers with Analog TV programming. While many Cable providers offer an "optional" Digital Program Package, (for an additional monthly charge) - this consists of a nominal number of 'pre-selected' (by the Cable Provider) Digital TV Channels.

    3. When OTA-Analog Broadcasts End, the Cable Companies will have to make a decision: to continue transmitting Analog TV (with 'some' 'optional' Digital TV) to their Subscribers, or to switch to All Digital Broadcasts

Important Notes:

  • Since all Local TV Stations - Independents, as well as Affiliates (carry the Major TV Network Broadcasts) will now be broadcasting only Digital TV Signals, the Cable Companies will confront a more complex choice.

  • In order to continue providing Cable TV Customers with Analog TV Programming, will require the Cable TV Companies to CONVERT the new, Digital TV "feeds" (which are received from either National Network Broadcasts or Local Affiliate Broadcasts) to Analog TV Signals ...
    • BUT! ... Current reports indicate that the Major Networks are NOT Likely to be willing to permit the "down-conversion" of their Digital TV Signals to Analog.

  • If unresolved, this would mean Cable (Analog TV) Subscribers would NOT have any access to Network or Local TV Broadcasts.

  • Alternatively, the Cable Companies will have to decide whether or not to switch completely to Digital TV...
    This will involve "upgrading" all their Subscribers who presently have "standard" Cable STB's (set-top-boxes) to Digital STB's - AND require their Customers - who still have "Analog TV Sets" - to buy an additional D/A Converter. Another alternative is for the Cable Company to provide all their customers with an "Analog-Digital-Combination" STB - a costly solution at best!
  1. Satellite TV Subscribers will likely be less affected, since most have a Satellite-STB, with the capability of automatically providing either an Analog TV Signal or Digital TV Signal - whichever is required by their TV.


  2. An important point for All Analog TV Viewers to consider - Although you CAN choose to continue using your Analog TV - even after All Analog TV Broadcasts cease - the picture quality displayed on your TV will be diminished to some degree. Each time the TV Signal is "converted" - from Digital to Analog, or the reverse - some picture quality is lost

    1. Individual TV Viewers will have to decide, whether it is worth holding on to their traditional Analog TV, with degraded picture quality, or to go "digital" and see what they have been missing.

  3. And a Last Important Note: None of the above refers to HDTV.
    Consumers are NOT required to buy an HDTV.

    1. Digital TV does NOT mean HDTV! The two terms are NOT interchangeable - in spite of continued, wide-spread public mis-use.

    2. While HDTV (High Definition TV) is "digital," it is a unique - completely separate and different TV Format. HDTV requires its own unique "High Definition Television" equipment, from start to finish - from production studio to broadcast station, from transmitter to in-home receiver. All Components must be HDTV capable and compatible.

    3. As used in the general sense, Digital TV refers to "SDTV" - Standard Definition (Digital) TV.

    4. The Digital TV Transition applies "only" to the change-over from Analog TV to Digital - SDTV; it does NOT include or involve "HDTV" - at all!
      • TV Broadcasters are mandated to broadcast Digital TV Signals (SDTV) - only. The decision, whether or not, to transmit HDTV programming remains the voluntary choice of each Broadcaster.

The Digital TV Transition:

  • Digital TV (SDTV) provides significant improvement in picture quality, compared to traditional Analog TV.

  • The Digital Transition opens up a significant area of 'highly-coveted' radio spectrum to new mobile broadband applications, as well as to public safety agencies.

  • The move from the (upper-700-MHz) band frees (60 MHz) of wave-space, making it available for auction to wireless-mobile carriers, while also providing (24 MHz) to be used for emergency response agencies.

  • The upper-700-MHz band enables wireless signals to travel (4 to 5) times as far, as existing mobile phone signals travel. It is this extended range that has high value to mobile-broadband providers, police and fire departments, who need improved communications capability.


Links to different perspectives on - The Digital TV Transition ...

"The Real Digital Transition Begins"
(Broadcast Engineering - by CRAIG BIRKMAIER)

(PDF FORMAT) " The Digital TV Transition..."
"... A Chance to Enhance Public Safety and Improve Spectrum Auctions..."
by Jon M. Peha - Carnegie Mellon University

--
Tribun Timur,
Surat Kabar Terbesar di Makassar
www.tribun-timur.com
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